RESEARCH RESOURCES at sportsci.org

This page is an index for all the articles at the Sportscience site that might be useful for researchers and research students. See also research resources at other sites.

Design and Analysis
Biomechanics
Exercise Physiology
Questionnaires
Writing
Presentation
Sites for Kids
(most links now defunct; try Googling the name of the site)


Design and Analysis

2022

In Brief: Replacing Statistical Significance...: the back story.
In Brief: Mixed-modeling Workshop in SAS Studio: updated for SAS ODA.

  Replacing Statistical Significance and Non-Significance with Better Approaches to Sampling Uncertainty. Will Hopkins. Interpret confidence limits, test substantial and non-substantial hypotheses, and/or use Bayesian probabilities for substantial and trivial. Comment. Ross Neville
2021 Misleading Conclusions Based on Statistical Significance and Non-significance at a Recent International Conference. Will Hopkins. Avoid the nil-hypothesis significance test. June 30.Updated with a video. Aug 24.
  Discussion Paper on Sampling Uncertainty for Editorial Boards. Will Hopkins. Recommended: Bayesian assessment and tests of substantial and non-substantial hypotheses. Sept 2. Updated Sept 8-10. Updated Dec 22.

2020

In Brief: Moving Forward with Magnitude-Based Decisions: recent progress.
In Brief: When N is <10: how to cope with very small samples.

Magnitude-Based Decisions as Hypothesis Tests.Will Hopkins. A frequentist formulation of this essentially Bayesian approach to sampling uncertainty.
  Sample-size Estimation for Various Inferential Methods. Will Hopkins. Methods for MBD, NHST, superiority testing and equivalence testing, with explanations and advice.

2019

In Brief: Exercise Science at This Site with a new associate editor.
In Brief: Magnitude-Based Decisions: rebranding MBI; dismissing a critique.

Compatibility Intervals and Magnitude-Based Decisions for Standardized Differences and Changes in Means. Will Hopkins. Accounting for uncertainty in the standardizing SD.
  A Spreadsheet for Bayesian Posterior Compatibility Intervals and Magnitude-Based Decisions. Will Hopkins. A nifty lucid approach, if you need it.

2018

In Brief: Sample Size for Individual Responses: disappointingly large.
In Brief: Sport Performance & Science Reports: practitioners' new journal.

Design and Analysis for Studies of Individual Responses. Will Hopkins. Optimize controlled trials and crossovers to estimate and account for individual differences in the response to treatments.
  SAS Programs for Analyzing Individual Responses in Controlled Trials. Will Hopkins. Accounting for differences and changes in errors and responses, plus simulations for validation.
Improving Meta-analyses in Sport and Exercise Science. Will Hopkins. Critique of recent flawed meta-analyses.
  The Vindication of Magnitude-Based Inference. Will Hopkins & Alan Batterham. Rebuttal of a recent critique.

2017

In Brief: P Values vs Magnitude-based Inference. All new slideshow.
In Brief: Journal Impact Factors 2017. Values from the Scopus database.

Spreadsheets for Analysis of Controlled Trials, Crossovers and Time Series. Will Hopkins. Now with two covariates and other enhancements.
  A Spreadsheet for Monitoring an Individual's Changes and Trend. Will Hopkins. Quantify progression of your athlete, team, client or patient.
2016 In Brief: Which Stats Package. SAS, SPSS, R, Statistica or spreadsheets?
In Brief: SPSS for Mixed Models. Step-by-step instructions.
In Brief: SAS (and R) for Mixed Models. Resources and free software.

In Brief: P Values Down But Not Yet Out. Critique of a critique.
In Brief: Journal Impact Factors 2015. The latest from Elsevier/Scopus.
2015 In Brief: Individual Responses Made Easy.
In Brief: Exceptional Case Studies.
In Brief: More Mixed Modeling with SPSS.
In Brief: "The Intervention is Possibly Beneficial"
  Elsevier Impact Factors Compiled in 2014 for Journals in Exercise and Sports Medicine and Science. Will Hopkins. Thomson-Reuters relegated, and a new activity-adjusted factor.
  Spreadsheets for Analysis of Validity and Reliability. Will Hopkins. New one- and two-way reliability analyses, and a citable article.
2014 In Brief: Magnitude-based Inference Under Attack

Journal Impact Factors in Sports Medicine and Science for 2014. Will Hopkins. The rankings, and an improbable publication utopia.

2013 In Brief: Mixed Linear Modeling: a Very Short Introduction.
In Brief: Update Sample-Size/Meta-Analysis Tool.
In Brief: Update Meta-Analysis Slideshow.

In Brief: Statistical Analysis and Data Interpretation: an Introduction.
  Impact Factors and Article Influence Scores for Journals in Sports Medicine and Science in 2013. Will Hopkins. A new winner this year.
2012

The Impact-Factor Olympics for Journals in Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine. Will Hopkins. Sports Medicine still on top with 5.2.

  Bootstrapping inferential statistics with a spreadsheet. Will Hopkins. Useful for uncertainty in dose-response relationships.
Commentary.
Allan Batterham.
2011 In Brief: The Best Graphing Software. Solving the problems with Office.
  Impact Factors of Journals in Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine for 2011. Will Hopkins. Sports Medicine reaches 5.1.
Commentary.
David Pyne.
2010 Linear Models and Effect Magnitudes for Research, Clinical and Practical Applications. Will Hopkins. Theory and advice on data analysis and interpretation.
Commentary.
Alan Batterham.
  A Socratic Dialogue on Comparison of Measures. Will Hopkins. Regression vs limits of agreement in Ancient Greece.
  Assigning Subjects to Groups in a Controlled Trial. Will Hopkins. Spreadsheets to minimize differences between group means.
Commentary.
Alan Batterham.
2009 In Brief: Progressive Statistics Updated. Magnitude-based inferences and injury thresholds.
  Progressive Statistics. Will Hopkins, Alan Batterham, Stephen Marshall, and Juri Hanin. Current best practice in data analysis and presentation.
  Fourier Series Approximations and Low Pass Filtering. Steve Elmer and Jim Martin. Theory and spreadsheet for biomechanists.
2008 In Brief: Slideshow on Statistical Guidelines. A presentation at ACSM 2008.
  In Brief: Update: Sample Size. Risk of an unclear outcome; new slides.
  In Brief: Sample-Size Commentary. Misconception explained.
  In Brief: Updates: Controlled-trial spreadsheets; graphs in Office 2007; ompare/combine effects.
  Research Designs: Choosing and Fine-tuning a Design for Your Study. Will Hopkins. An update and slideshow of the most popular resource at this site.
2007 In Brief: Editorial: Blogs and Podcasts. New i-tricks for sport scientists.
  In Brief: Tutorials on R-Stats. Learn this powerful free package.
  In Brief: Update: Sample Size. 4x more for individual differences.
  In Brief: A Spreadsheet to Compare Means of Two Groups, including a covariate.
  The Tour de Journals 2007: Impact Factors in Exercise and Sport. Will Hopkins. An assessment of the latest ratings.
  What’s Behind the Numbers? Important Decisions in Judging Practical Significance. Greg Atkinson. A view on smallest worthwhile effects.
  A Spreadsheet for Deriving a Confidence Interval, Mechanistic Inference and Clinical Inference from a P Value. Will Hopkins. An old resource updated with new insights about sample-based research.
  Understanding Statistics by Using Spreadsheets to Generate and Analyze Samples. Will Hopkins. Implicit learning of all the important biomedical stats concepts.
2006 In Brief: Sad Stats. No suitable statistical package for sport scientists.
  In Brief: Magnitude Matters. A slideshow from the 2006 ACSM meeting.
  In Brief: New and Updated Research Slideshows. Student supervision, dimensions of research, making inferences, controlled trials.
  Spreadsheets for Analysis of Controlled Trials, with Adjustment for a Subject Characteristic. Will Hopkins. A covariate and other enhancements now included in this useful resource. Commentary. Alan Batterham. Commentary. Amanda Cox.
  A Spreadsheet for Combining Outcomes from Several Groups. Will Hopkins. Sex and other group effects made easy. Commentary. Glen Fincher.
  Estimating Sample Size for Magnitude-Based Inferences. Will Hopkins. Clinical or practical outcomes with fewer subjects.
2005 In Brief: A Spreadsheet for Fully Controlled Crossovers. Resource for analysis.
  In Brief: Sport Scientists' Top 10 Sites. Feedback from the Sportscience list.
  Making Meaningful Inferences About Magnitudes. Alan Batterham and Will Hopkins. Replace statistical significance of an effect with chances it is important. Commentary. Steve Marshall.
  A Decision Tree for Controlled Trials. Alan Batterham and Will Hopkins. Reliability, washout time, and availability of subjects and resources are the deciding factors. Commentary. Greg Atkinson.
2004 In Brief: Clinical Significance and Decisiveness. Will Hopkins. Make better inferences.
  An Introduction to Meta-analysis. Will Hopkins. Article/slideshow on quantitative systematic reviews of original research.
  Bias in Bland-Altman but not Regression Validity Analyses. Will Hopkins. Bland-Altman plots are misleading for method comparisons.
2003 A Spreadsheet for Analysis of Straightforward Controlled Trials. Will Hopkins. Transformations, individual responses, effect sizes, clinical chances and more for data from a controlled trial, crossover, or time series.
  Dynamical Systems Theory: a relevant framework for performance-oriented sports biomechanics research. Paul Glazier, Keith Davids, Roger Bartlett. New approaches to analysis of sports movements.
2002 Dimensions of Research. Will Hopkins. An analysis of research projects in terms of topic, scope, mode, methods, ideology, and politics.
  In Brief: Data-Analysis Tutorial. Will Hopkins.
  In Brief: Qualitative vs Quantitative Designs (Letter). Douglas Booth.
  Probabilities of Clinical or Practical Significance. Will Hopkins. How to use and interpret probabilities more meaningful than the traditional P value.

2001

In Brief: Clinical vs Statistical Significance by Will Hopkins
  In Brief: Qualitative vs Quantitative Research Designs by Will Hopkins
  A Research Agreement for Students in Exercise and Sport Science, by Will Hopkins. A template for planning and monitoring projects.
  Comprehension in the Informed-Consent Process, by Steve and Amanda Olivier. Subjects have to understand what they agree to.
  Informed Consent in Sport Science, by Steve and Amanda Olivier. Background info and forms for ethics applications.
  A New View of Statistics, by Will Hopkins
2000 Quantitative Research Design, by Will G Hopkins. All about double-blind randomized crossovers and other designs.
1999 Researching Worthwhile Performance Enhancements by Will Hopkins, John Hawley, and Louise Burke. Summary of a recent publication.
1998-7 Quantitative Research Design (earlier version), by Will Hopkins


Biomechanics
2009 Fourier Series Approximations and Low Pass Filtering. Steve Elmer and Jim Martin. Theory and spreadsheet for biomechanists.
2006 Aerodynamic Drag Area of Cyclists Determined with Field-Based Measures. Jim Martin and colleagues. Practical measurement of an important predictor of cycling performance.


Exercise Physiology
2004 In Brief: Calibrating Metabolic Carts. Save on calgas.
  Effects of High-intensity Training on Performance and Physiology of Endurance Athletes. Carl Paton and Will Hopkins. Gains of ~8% with some forms of resistance training.
2000 A Spreadsheet for Partitional Calorimetry, by Kerry Atkins and Martin Thompson. Calculating temperature change in exercise.
1999 Analysis of Expired Air with GasCalc by David J Egan. An Excel spreadsheet for analysis of energy expenditure and substrate utilization.


Questionnaires
1998-7 Measurement of Training in Competitive Sports by Will Hopkins. Methodology, including downloadable diaries and questionnaires for researchers.


Writing
2022

In Brief: Journal CiteScores for 2021: citation metrics from Elsevier/Scopus.

2021

In Brief: Journal CiteScores for 2017-2019: citation metrics from the Scopus database.Updated with the latest 2020 cite scores.

2006 In Brief: Preparing Graphics for Publication. Tips and tricks for the Office platform.
  The Journals World Cup 2005: Impact Factors for Sport Science. Will Hopkins. An assessment of the latest ratings.
2005 In Brief: Editorial: Copyright Control. No flexibility in a publisher's policy.
  In Brief: Copyright-Free Images and Information. Resource for handouts/slides.
  Impact Factors of Journals in Sport and Exercise Science, 2004. Will Hopkins. An assessment of the latest ratings.
2004 In Brief: Updated Endnote Journal Abbreviations. Will Hopkins.Less errors in references.
  Impact Factors of Journals in Sport and Exercise Science, 2000-2003 . Will Hopkins. An assessment of the latest ratings.
2003 In Brief: Finding Out What's Known Will Hopkins.
  In Brief: Writing Pre and Post. Will Hopkins.
  In Brief: Impact-Factor Update and Put-Down Will Hopkins.
2001 Journal Impact Factors in Sport and Exercise Science, 1999-2000, by Will Hopkins. The latest journal rankings, and an analysis of MSSE's rising impact.
2000 Impact Factors of Journals in Sport and Exercise Science, by Will Hopkins. Where to send your journal articles for publication.
  Physiology Symbols in Microsoft Word and Corel Wordperfect, by J Andy Doyle. How to dot the V and create other symbols.
1999 Workshop on Grant Applications and Other Scientific Documents by Will G Hopkins. A handout from a local conference.
  Endnote Abbreviations and Styles: Files for Sport and Exercise Journals by Will G Hopkins. Use these files to make a formatted list of references for publication.
  Guidelines on Style for Scientific Writing by Will Hopkins. An up-to-date collection of advice and rules for authors.
  How to Write a Literature Review by Will Hopkins. A systematic approach to analysis of published research.
  How to Write a Research Paper by Will Hopkins. More structure eases the writing, editing, and reading of an original-research paper.
  Excel 97/98 Workbook of Templates for Drawing Figures by Will Hopkins
1998-7 Who Should be the Authors, by Rob Roach


Presentation
2006-8 Preparing graphics for publication. Will Hopkins
1998-7 How to Use PowerPoint by Will Hopkins
  How to Give Talks by Will Hopkins
  Create an Effective Poster by Will Hopkins
  Create and Publish Web Documents by Will Hopkins


Research Resources at Other Sites

  Guide to grammar and writing
at Capital Community College, Connecticut.

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